Poolbeg Incinerator Could Cost 100,000 man-years of life it its first 15 years

An Incinerator at Poolbeg could
cost 100,000 man-years of life
it its first 15 years (a).

An incinerator can be modelled as a deadly particles generator.

A 70 page PDF report from a credible medical society on the reduced life expectancy caused by incineration and deadly particles(b) is here so you make your own judgments.

Pollution in east Dublin already exceeds the compromised EU standards and is significantly above the more protective US air quality standards. The Bord Pleanala Inspector's report noted the compromised level of air pollution in Poolbeg is already at or above the EU norms but his actions will have been dictated by the politically appointed directors at Bord Pleanala.

The submission to the EPA Oral Hearing by a member of the St Patrick's rowing club in Ringsend illustrates concerns on cancer, ill health and premature deaths in a polluted environment. DCC refuses to run a Baseline Health Study for the area and cynically washes its hands by referring all such requests to the less than inspiring Health Service Executive (where nobody washes hands). The EPA Oral Hearing apparently accepted this Big Lie manouver.

The EPA's directors are political appointees of Fianna Fail - at the EPA it would appear the gamekeepers have turned into poachers, and vice versa. Is the politically dominated EPA any more credible than the Developer's Anglo-Irish Bank, the Dublin Developer's Autocracy (DDDA) or the Developer's Irish Financial Regulator?

In addition to invisible microscopic particles an incinerator in Dublin Bay would pump hundreds of thousands of tonnes of pollution into the air over Dublin each year. The total volume of waste is actually increased by waste-to-toxins incineration and is not reduced as claimed by industry Big Lies. For example, each tonne of waste generates an additional tonne of CO2. This CO2 is pumped up the chimney where it circles the world.

Big Lie Caution: Dublin City Council has spent €19,000,000 to promote its cynical one-sided case for an Incinerator at Poolbeg. DCC has used multiple Big Lies, including the Big Lie of selective witholding of data, it seems. For instance, DCC has apparently not publicly costed nor quantified the serious health impacts in terms of compromised health and premature deaths - apart from spin such as 'you can not prove that'. This is the Tobacco Industry Big Lie in practice.

The Cork Harbour Alliance for a Safe Environment (CHASE) has other useful information. The Green-Fianna-Fail government has penalised Corks' citizens by presenting CHASE with a legal bill of €50,000. Contrast this to the €19,000,000 of your money given to the public service patriots in developer-lead Dublin City Council. George Bush would say the DCC fokes are Fair & Balanced.

__________________________________________

June 2008 Estimates by British Society for Ecological Medicine using World Health Organisation Air Quality Guidelines
a) Based on a very conservative estimate of the level of increase that would be expected around large incinerators in a population of 250,000.

There is a reduction of life expectancy of 1.1 years for each 10μg per cubic metre increase in PM2.5 particulates

The US National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM 2.5 particulates was introduced into the USA in 1997 with a mean annual limit of 15μg per cubic metre. This had measurable health benefits.

b) Deadly particles - see pages 15-16.

Incinerator firm hopes to raise $400 million bond

The US firm leading the consortium to build an incinerator at Poolbeg in Dublin is attempting to raise $400 million from bond investors to part-finance the project.

Covanta, a US-quoted energy firm, is heading Dublin Waste to Energy Ltd, which has been awarded the contract to build and operate the incinerator. The consortium recently assured Dublin City Council that all funding was in place for the project.

However, Covanta has struggled to secure finance for phase one of the project, and is now seeking to raise $400 million through ‘‘cash-convertible senior notes’’. It is proposing to pay investors a return of 6.5 per cent a year on their capital. [Should read 3.25% p.a. ??]

In documents filed last week with the Securities and Exchange Commission in the US, Covanta said the net proceeds of the bond issue would be used for working capital, including ‘‘funding a portion of the construction cost for a 1,700 metric energy-from waste facility in Dublin’’.

It is understood that Covanta had tried to raise bank debt, but no institution was willing to act as the primary banker to the Poolbeg project, due to the lack of liquidity on the international credit markets.

However, a number of lenders have informed the consortium that they may consider part-financing latter aspects of the project. The planned incinerator is a central element of the country’s waste management strategy. If completed as planned, it will burn 600,000 tonnes of waste a year, creating electricity for 50, 000 homes and hot water heating for a further 60,000 households. However, there has been opposition both to the Poolbeg project, and to incineration in general in Ireland, with a number of projects beset by delays.

Last week, John Gormley, the Green Party Minister for the Environment, is sued a circular which stated that he would introduce a levy to be borne by companies incinerating waste and anybody selling waste for incineration.

Gormley has also instructed the director general of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),Dr Mary Kelly, and all council managers nationwide, that they must in future ‘‘refrain from exercising their powers in such a way as to direct waste to landfill or incineration’’.

Gormley told the EPA and the council heads that he was initiating a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), instructing them that government policy had taken decisive steps to encourage recycling and discourage incineration.

http://www.sbpost.ie/post/pages/p/story.aspx-qqqt=IRELAND-qqqm=news-qqqid=42318-qqqx=1.asp

Covanta - List of Subsidiaries

SCHEDULE 4-A

List of Subsidiaries

8309 Tujunga Avenue Corp.

AC LINES LLC

American Commercial Lines Holdings LLC

Burney Mountain Power

Capital Compost & Waste Reduction Services, LLC

Central Valley Biomass Holdings, LLC

Central Valley Fuels Management Inc.

Covanta Alexandria / Arlington, Inc.

Covanta ARC Company

Covanta ARC Holdings, LLC

Covanta ARC LLC

Covanta B-3, LLC

Covanta Babylon, Inc.

Covanta Berkshire Holdings, Inc.

Covanta Berkshire Operations, Inc.

Covanta Bessemer, Inc.

Covanta Biofuels, Inc.

Covanta Bristol, Inc.

Covanta Capital District II LLC

Covanta Capital District LLC

Covanta Capital District, L.P

Covanta Company of SEMASS, L.P.

---

Covanta Connecticut (S.E.), LLC

Covanta Delano, Inc.

Covanta Delaware Valley II, LLC

Covanta Delaware Valley LLC

Covanta Delaware Valley, L.P.

Covanta Development Company LLC

Covanta Energy Americas, Inc.

Covanta Energy Asia, Inc.

Covanta Energy Corporation

Covanta Energy Europe, Inc

Covanta Energy Group, Inc.

Covanta Energy Resource Corp.

Covanta Energy Services, Inc.

Covanta Engineering Services, Inc.

Covanta Essex Company

Covanta Essex II, LLC

Covanta Essex LLC

Covanta Fairfax, Inc.

Covanta Frederick/Carroll, Inc.

Covanta Funds Administration, Inc.

Covanta Hampton Roads LLC

Covanta Harford, Inc.

Covanta Harrisburg, Inc.

Covanta Haverhill Associates

---

Covanta Haverhill Properties, Inc.

Covanta Haverhill, Inc.

Covanta Hawaii Energy LLC

Covanta Hempstead Company

Covanta Hempstead II, LLC

Covanta Hempstead LLC

Covanta Hennepin Energy Resource Co., Limited Partnership

Covanta Hillsborough, Inc.

Covanta Holding Corporation

Covanta Honolulu Resource Recovery Venture

Covanta Huntington Limited Partnershiip

Covanta Huntington Resource Recovery One Corp.

Covanta Huntington Resource Recovery Seven Corp.

Covanta Huntsville, Inc.

Covanta Hydro Operations West, Inc.

Covanta Indianapolis, Inc.

Covanta Insurance Holdings Corporation

Covanta Kent, Inc.

Covanta Lake Holding Corp.

Covanta Lake II, Inc.

Covanta Lancaster, Inc.

Covanta Lee, Inc.

Covanta Long Island, Inc.

Covanta Maine, LLC

---

Covanta Marion Land Corp.

Covanta Marion, Inc.

Covanta Mendota Holdings, Inc.

Covanta Mendota, L.P.

Covanta Mid-Conn, Inc.

Covanta Montgomery, Inc.

Covanta Niagara II, LLC

Covanta Niagara LLC

Covanta Niagara, L.P.

Covanta Oahu Waste Energy Recovery, Inc.

Covanta Omega Lease, Inc.

Covanta Onondaga Five Corp.

Covanta Onondaga Four Corp.

Covanta Onondaga Limited Partnership

Covanta Onondaga Operations, Inc.

Covanta Onondaga Three Corp.

Covanta Onondaga Two Corp.

Covanta Onondaga, Inc.

Covanta Operations of SEMASS II, LLC

Covanta Operations of SEMASS LLC

Covanta Operations of Union LLC

Covanta OPW Associates, Inc.

Covanta OPWH, Inc.

Covanta Otay 3 Company

---

Covanta Pasco, Inc.

Covanta Pinellas, Inc.

Covanta Pittsfield, LLC

Covanta Power Development of Mauritius, Inc.

Covanta Power Development, Inc.

Covanta Power International Holdings, Inc.

Covanta Power Pacific, Inc.

Covanta Power Plant Operations

Covanta Projects of Hawaii, Inc.

Covanta Projects of Wallingford, L.P.

Covanta Projects, Inc.

Covanta Ref-Fuel Finance LLC

Covanta Ref-Fuel Holdings LLC

Covanta Ref-Fuel II LLC

Covanta Ref-Fuel LLC

Covanta Ref-Fuel Management II, LLC

Covanta Ref-Fuel Management LLC

Covanta Renewable Fuels LLC

Covanta Research & Technology, LLC

Covanta RRS Holdings, Inc.

Covanta SBR Associates

Covanta SECONN LLC

Covanta Secure Services, LLC

Covanta SEMASS II, LLC

---

Covanta SEMASS LLC

Covanta SEMASS, L.P.

Covanta Southeastern Connecticut Company

Covanta Southeastern Connecticut, L.P.

Covanta Springfield, LLC

Covanta Stanislaus, Inc.

Covanta Systems, LLC

Covanta Union, Inc.

Covanta Wallingford Associates, Inc.

Covanta Warren Energy Resource Co., Limited Partnership

Covanta Warren Holdings I, Inc.

Covanta Warren Holdings II, Inc.

Covanta Waste to Energy of Italy, Inc.

Covanta Waste to Energy, LLC

Covanta Water Holdings, Inc.

Covanta Water Systems, Inc.

Covanta WBH, LLC

Danielson Indemnity Company

Danielson Insurance Company

Danielson National Insurance Company

Danielson Reinsurance Corporation

DSS Environmental, Inc.

Generating Resource Recovery Partners L.P.

Haverhill Power, LLC

---

Koma Kulshan Associates L.P.

Kramer Capital Consultants, Inc.

LMI, Inc.

Michigan Waste Energy, Inc.

Mount Kisco Transfer Station, Inc.

MSW Energy Erie LLC

MSW Energy Finance Co. II, Inc.

MSW Energy Finance Co., Inc.

MSW Energy Holdings II LLC

MSW Energy Holdings LLC

MSW Energy Hudson LLC

MSW I Sub, LLC

Mt. Lassen Power

NAICC Insurance Services

National American Insurance Company of California

New Covanta Lake Holding LLC

OPI Quezon, LLC

Pacific Energy Operating Group, L.P.

Pacific Energy Resources Incorporated

Pacific Hydropower Company

Pacific Oroville Power, Inc.

Pacific Recovery Corporation

Pacific Wood Fuels Company

Pacific-Ultrapower Chinese Station

---

Peabody Monofill Associates, Inc.

Penstock Power Company

Recycling Industries Transfer Station, LLC

SEMASS Partnership

South Fork II Associates Limited Partnership

Thermendota, Inc.

TransRiver II, LLC

TransRiver LLC

TransRiver Canada Incorporated

TransRiver Marketing Company, L.P.

TransRiver Philadelphia LLC

TransRiver Portsmouth LLC

TransRiver Transfer Systems LLC

TransRiver Waste LLC

UAH Groveville Hydro Associates

UAH Management Corp

Valor Insurance Company, Incorporated

Ambiente 2000 S.R.L.

Bal-Sam India Holdings Limited

Chengdu Jiuniang Environmental Energy Co. Ltd.

Chongqing Sanfeng Covanta Environmental Industry Co., Ltd.

Covanta Bangladesh Operating Limited

Covanta Cayman (Rojana) Limited

Covanta Cayman (Sahacogen) Limited

---

Covanta Energy (Ireland) Limited

Covanta Energy (Thailand) Limited

Covanta Energy (UK) Limited

Covanta Energy Asia Holdings Limited

Covanta Energy Asia Pacific Limited

Covanta Energy China (Delta) Limited

Covanta Energy China (Gamma) Limited

Covanta Energy India (Balaji) Limited

Covanta Energy India (CBM) Limited

Covanta Energy India (Samalpatti) Limited

Covanta Energy India Private Limited

Covanta Energy International Investments Limited

Covanta Energy Limited

Covanta Energy Philippine Holdings, Inc.

Covanta Europe Engineering Limited

Covanta Europe Holdings S.a.r.l.

Covanta Europe Operations Limited

Covanta Five Limited

Covanta Four Limited

Covanta Holding Limited

Covanta India Operating Private Limited

Covanta Italy Holding, S.r.l.

Covanta Italy I S.r.l.

Covanta Italy II S.r.l.

---

Covanta Madurai Operating Private Limited

Covanta Mauritius O&M Ltd.

Covanta One Limited

Covanta Philippines Operating, Inc.

Covanta Samalpatti Operating Private Limited

Covanta Three Limited

Covanta Two Limited

Covanta Waste to Energy Asia Investments

Covanta Waste to Energy Asia Limited

Covanta Waste to Energy Asia Ltd

Dublin Waste to Energy (Holdings) Limited

Dublin Waste to Energy Limited

Edison (Bataan) Cogeneration Corporation

Enereruope Holdings III, B.V.

GOA Holdings Limited

Guangzhou Development Covanta Environmental Industry Co., Ltd.

Hidro Operaciones Don Pedro S.A.

Madurai Power Corporation Pvt. Ltd.

NEPC Consortium Power Ltd.

Ogden Energy (Gulf) Limited

Ogden Energy India (Bakreshwar) Limited

Ogden Power Development — Cayman, Inc.

Ogden Taiwan Investments Limited

OLMEC Insurance Ltd.

---

P.H. Don Pedro

P.H. Rio Volcan

Power Operations and Maintenance Limited

Prima S.r.l.

Quezon Power (Philippines) Limited

Quezon Power, Inc.

Samalpatti Power Company Private Limited

Taixing Covanta Yanjiang Cogeneration Company Limited

---

SCHEDULE 4-B

List of Significant Subsidiaries

Covanta ARC Holdings, LLC

Covanta ARC LLC

Covanta Energy Corporation

Covanta Essex Company

Covanta Essex LLC

Covanta Hempstead Company

Covanta Hempstead LLC

Covanta RRS Holdings, Inc.

Covanta SEMASS, L.P.

MSW Energy Hudson LLC

Quezon Power, Inc.

Covanta Power International Holdings, Inc.

http://yahoo.brand.edgar-online.com/displayfilinginfo.aspx?FilingID=6624272-301748-466307&type=sect&dcn=0000950137-09-004066

Six Degrees of Separation Or Less, at Poolbeg

€450,000,000

€90,000,000,000
€400,000,000,000
A Colony Again.

___________

________________________

Incinerator Promoters Credibility is an $8 Billion Question

Incinerator Promotors vs Anglo-Irish Bank

Poolbeg Incinerator Promoters Credibility is in Question

It is difficult to establish how credible the incinerator’s promoters are. Are the promoters of the Poolbeg Incinerator any more credible than the directors of Anglo Irish Bank? Some of the information the promoters have provided to the public, or possibly withheld from the public for whatever reason, combined with other possible elements of The Big Lie Technique do not tend to inspire confidence in the promoter’s credibility.


Why Credibility Matters

Anglo Irish has grievously damaged Ireland’s Global Trust Rating. The peers of the incinerator promoters include Anglo Irish Bank, FAS, The EPA, An Board Pleanala, The HSE, The DDDA developer’s autocracy, the NRA, Dublin Port Company and so forth.

At director level, this group appears to be strongly linked with Fianna Fail. Along with many others this insular group seems to be loosely referred to as the The Galway Tent. The Galway Tent culture associated with some of this group has apparently misdirected national resources for the past eight years, totally wrecking the potential of the economy for perhaps a further ten years.

Only one view on the Poolbeg Incinerator has been presented to the public at a cost to taxpayers of €19,000,000. The promoter’s reports and claims have not apparently been subjected to any due diligence or peer review by a credible independent authority. The EPA, the HSE and An Bord Pleanala appear to be driven at director level by political appointees of Fianna Fail, so it’s naïve to suggest they are independent enough to robustly protect the public interest. Entities within the incineration industry provide further employment to these director-level public officials, a brass-necked conflict of interest denied by the promoters. The industry has also placed its employees into director level positions at some of these bodies – the poacher becomes policeman. The expensive experts used by the promoters were paid by the promoters, so it’s also naïve to suggest they are independent.

A monstrous white elephant implemented in the form of an ugly waste-to-toxins factory sitting in Dublin Bay is a fitting monument to the possibly self-serving members of the Galway Tent.

Trusting the promoters is too big a risk - the Poolbeg incinerator directly threatens people’s health. BSEM and WHO data suggests this is perhaps 100,000 man-years of reduced life expectancy between 2012 to 2027.

America’s EPA prices a human life at about eight million dollars. Technology is rapidly developing – within 10 year it’s likely that health damage will be traceable directly to the specific signatures of the pollution pumped out by the Poolbeg waste-to-toxins incinerator.

The financial risk from incineration health claims(a) could exceed the billions in bad-debt write-offs currently hidden from public view at Anglo-Irish Bank.

Future Court Cases From Traceable Micron Particles: $8 Billion

Nobody Believed Anglo-Irish Either

__________________

a) Financial risk from incineration health claims: For 100 man-years per human life the taxpayer liability is eight thousand million dollars, or $8,000,000,000.

The Big Lie, Waste-To-Toxins, wastetoenergy, Dublin City Council, Poolbeg Incinerator, Dublin Bay Incinerator,

Poolbeg Incinerator - What are Covanta, DCC, Dong, RPS, EPA and Others Hiding?

One Page Summary of Pollution is Withheld
The operators of the proposed waste-to-toxins factory in Dublin Bay do not publish a clear single A4 page summary of the pollution from their incinerator.


Pattern of Not Honestly Answering Questions
Each person you query cynically refers you to another entity in their firewalled organisation and to thousands of pages of a politically compiled "EIS", a perhaps deliberately obfuscated set of documentation. There appears to be a consistent pattern here across people and across entities of deferring the question to others who are never available. This repeated pattern by different people in different organisations is very curious.


Why Is There No Summary?
A clear single page summary could reassure the public and definitively answer concerns on dioxins, CO2, NOx, metallic microparticles, nanoparticles, secondary particulates and the vast range of other currently known pollutants. So why is a clear summary not widely circulated? Does the Tobacco Industry provide any clues?

The lack of a clear summary is a significant and very possibly a deliberate omission or withholding of pertinent and material information. It seems something significant is being hidden. As the promotors have spent at least €20,000,000 of your money on experts and PR there is no credible reason for this cynical decision.


Deliberate Confusion Tactics?
Proposing that Joe-Six-Pack takes hours to search through thousands of pages to find one line item on dioxins amongst highly atomic data and then calculates using nanograms per second to find the annual level of dioxins is less than honest. Such an organisational approach to public concerns is very consistent with the Big Lie methodology.


Does Ireland's Political EPA Protect The Public?
It's also unknown if the supplied numbers posing as "data" have been peer reviewed. Is the EIS "data" as inaccurate as the numbers supplied at the Bord Pleanala hearing? The spin is that the EPA or the glorious HSE will protect the public.

Ireland's EPA is politically compromised and can not be relied on to protect the public. Chromium-6 pollution in Cork harbour is a fine example where the EPA appear to have done nothing beyond issuing a piece of paper. One of the EPA's director's from that time is now employed by the waste-to-toxins industry to promote incineration in Ireland. The EPA and the industry claim there is no conflict of interest here - but perhaps they should read the confidential reports on Anglo-Irish Bank and the Dublin Developer's Autocracy (DDDA)


Gombeen Man Governance Damages Ireland
Anglo-Irish Bank has destroyed Ireland's global reputation for corporate governance by apparently & deliberately withholding pertinent and material information from investors. Recent Irish economic disasters have been caused by Ireland's culture of politically driven organisations run under the control of a small cohort of cross-contaminated, intelligent, managerally-inbred, selve-serving people who seem to specialise in compromised business ethics. They do nothing illegal of course and have developed their art far beyond brown envelopes.


Two Questions
The lack of an A4 summary of public information from a sophisticated organisation raises at least two questions. What are Covanta, Dong, RPS, the developer lead DCC, the politically directed EPA and the rest of the team trying to hide from the public? And why are they apparently following Tobacco Industry Best Practice?

Our Honest Experts Recommend Incinerators.

wastetoenergy, Waste-To-Toxins, The Big Lie, EPA, Covanta Violations Lawsuits Fines Threats, Anglo Irish Bank, Dublin Bay Incinerator, Poolbeg Incinerator, Deadly Particles (PM2.5),

Chart & Cancer Image Submitted to EPA-Ireland Oral Hearing, April 2008.

Chart Submitted to EPA-Ireland Oral Hearing, April 2008.
Air Pollution Particles Inside Cancer Cells in Human Liver.

Chart Submitted to EPA-Ireland Oral Hearing, April 2008.
EU Standards are Compromised.
EU Allows 25μg per cubic metre.
WHO Urges 10μg per cubic metre.

• A reduction in the yearly average PM2.5 particulates to 15μg per cubic metre would result in life expectancy gains, at age 30, of between 1 month and 2 years.
  

The US National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM 2.5 particulates was introduced into the USA in 1997 with a mean annual limit of 15μg per cubic metre. This had measurable health benefits.

California has a stricter limit of either 10μg or 12μg per cubic metre.

The latest EU standard for PM 2.5 particulates is 25μg per cubic metre.

An annual mean limit for PM 2.5 particulates is to be introduced into Scotland in 2010 and this will be 12μg per cubic metre. An annual mean target for PM 2.5 particulates is to be introduced into the UK in 2020 and this will be 25μg per cubic metre. Many will wonder why the difference is so vast when the science is the same.


Deaths, EPA, PM2.5, Deadly Particles (PM2.5), Waste-To-Toxins, wastetoenergy, Health,

European Respiratory Society: European Union policy could cost you 2 years of life.

European Union policy could cost you 2 years of life.

The European Respiratory Society has published its concern about the mismatch between European Union policy and the best scientific evidence.

They state that a reduction in the yearly average PM2.5 particulates to 15μg per cubic metre(c) would result in life expectancy gains, at age 30, of between 1 month and 2 years.

They point out that the benefits of implementing stringent air pollution legislation would outweigh the costs. These recommendations are sensible and based on sound science.

A programme of building incinerators would unfortunately achieve the opposite: they would increase particulate pollution, reduce life expectancy and would be at odds with the best science.

Statements by leading researchers include the following:
“the magnitude of the association between fine particles and mortality suggests that controlling fine particles would result in saving thousands of early deaths each year” (Schwartz)

and

“there is consistent evidence that fine particulates are associated with increased all cause, cardiac and respiratory mortality. These findings strengthen the case for controlling the levels of respiratory particulates in outdoor air”

__________

c) The US National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM 2.5 particulates was introduced into the USA in 1997 with a mean annual limit of 15μg per cubic metre. This had measurable health benefits.

An annual mean limit for PM 2.5 particulates is to be introduced into Scotland in 2010 and this will be 12μg per cubic metre. An annual mean target for PM 2.5 particulates is to be introduced into the UK in 2020 and this will be 25μg per cubic metre. Many will wonder why the difference is so vast when the science is the same.

Deaths, EPA, PM2.5, Deadly Particles (PM2.5), Waste-To-Toxins, wastetoenergy, Health,

Incineration Health Effects Assessment by the WHO and Other Authorities

SCIENCE: Incineration Health Effects Assessment by the WHO and Other Authorities

http://www.ecomed.org.uk/content/IncineratorReport_v2.pdf

Assessment by the WHO and Other Authorities

Based on World Health Organisation Air Quality Guidelines the British Society for Ecological Medicine has estimated that a 1μg per cubic metre increase in PM2.5 particulates(a) would lead to a reduced life expectancy of 40 days per person over 15 years(b).

Although this figure appears small they note that the public health implications are large and the effect on a typical population of 250,000 surrounding an incinerator would be a loss of 27,500 man-years of life over a 15 year time period.

This figure gives an indication of the likely loss of life from any major source of PM2.5 particulates. In addition, incinerators normally operate for much longer periods than the 15 years quoted here. Note that the estimated loss of life here is likely to be an underestimate as it is from particulates alone and not from other toxic substances.

_______________
a) A very conservative estimate of the level of increase that would be expected around large incinerators.

b) This equals a reduction of life expectancy of 1.1 years for each 10μg per cubic metre increase in PM2.5 particulates

The US National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM 2.5 particulates was introduced into the USA in 1997 with a mean annual limit of 15μg per cubic metre. This had measurable health benefits.

An annual mean limit for PM 2.5 particulates is to be introduced into Scotland in 2010 and this will be 12μg per cubic metre. An annual mean target for PM 2.5 particulates is to be introduced into the UK in 2020 and this will be 25μg per cubic metre. Many will wonder why the difference is so vast when the science is the same.

Waste-To-Toxins, wastetoenergy, Deadly Particles (PM2.5), Poolbeg Incinerator, Dublin Bay Incinerator, Dublin City Council, EPA, Bord Pleanala, Health, Deaths, The Big Lie,

Community Gain Lie

Community Gain Big Lie

Take the kings shilling
premature deaths - up to 300 per year etc (add links)