Ringsend Death Risk is 20-80 Times Higher With Incinerator.

Incinerator Will Increase Deaths By
Twenty To Eighty Times.


Chart: Level of exposure to fine particulate matter and the risk of deep vein thrombosis.
http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content-nw/full/168/9/920/IOI80006F2

Interpretation

The upper chart says the risk of death from deep vein thrombosis in Ringsend/Poolbeg is already ten to twenty times higher than in a cleaner-air suburb. An excellent location for further toxic chemical pollution from a Waste-To-Toxics factory!

• An incinerator managed as cynically as DCC's Sewage Factory will increase the death risk by 20 to 80 times.
  

• You can not prove pollution particles have damaged your health.

Death Risk increases by 70% for each extra 10 µg/m3 in PM10.

Will you bet your life on the curious air-quality reports produced by the cynical promoters of the Dublin Bay Incinerator at Poolbeg?

You can smell sewage facility by-products.
You can not smell dangerous PM10 or PM2.5 particles.
You can not prove PM10 nor PM2.5 particles have damaged your health.


Note:
This May 2008 Italian research is for PM10 particles.
The even more deadly PM2.5 and PM1.0 particles are typically not measured by any government. This is used in the "no evidence" excuse used by industry experts, a tobacco industry best-practice.

The Big Lie Technique
You spend millions to promote an Urban Beach.
This is after you first turn Sandymount Strand into a Toxic Dump and use The Big Lie to name it Sean Moore Park.

Poolbeg is already at or above the W.H.O. recommended level for deadly PM2.5 pollution.
But you can not prove that.

Neither EPA-Ireland, DCC nor DDDA have used their millions of taxpayer funds to publish comprehensive peer-reviewed science-led air quality surveys, apparently. DDDA in its glossy brochures makes reference to what appears to be a political-science analysis done at its IGB site and to a suboptimal analysis done for just 8 months, possibly using a jam jar, in Pearse Street.

DCC produced a deeply flawed air quality report at The Bord Pleanala hearing. The EPA-Ireland website does not list site-specific-sources of deadly PM pollution at Poolbeg (the EPA-USA has similar data on-line).

The Irish Independent reports that the former Ten Year Director of EPA-Ireland has been hired by Covanta-Energy-Answers

Reason For The Big Lie Technique (allegedly): Deniability.

__________________________________________
Science

Vol. 168 No. 9, May 12, 2008
Original Investigation

Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution and Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Andrea Baccarelli, MD, PhD; Ida Martinelli, MD; Antonella Zanobetti, PhD; Paolo Grillo, MD; Li-Fang Hou, PhD; Pier A. Bertazzi, MD; Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, MD; Joel Schwartz, PhD

Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(9):920-927

Result
Each increase of 10 µg/m³ in PM₁₀ was associated with a 70% increase in deep vein thrombosis risk.

___________________________________

The chart demonstrates the observed relationship between the relative risk of DVT and the level of particulate matter of less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀) in the year preceding the diagnosis.

These results suggest a linear relationship between exposure and risk, though the 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas) are wide at the extremes of exposure. Risk is depicted in comparison with a reference value of 12.0 µg/m³ (minimum observed PM₁₀ level).

The histogram in the bottom part illustrates the density of exposure distribution for air pollution. Risk estimates are adjusted for age, sex, year of diagnosis, area of residence, body mass index, education, current use of oral contraceptives or hormone therapy, Leiden V or prothrombin mutations, season, and ambient temperature.

__________________________________________
Check It Yourself: Click blog posting title or click here
http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/168/9/920

Particles Inside Human Liver

Nanopathology
Particles Inside Human Liver Cell

ESEM image of a cancerous tissue of liver
with a living cell containing
nanoparticles in the nucleus

The Field-emission Environmental Scanning Electron-Microscope can detect 10-nanometer Br, Cl and Sb particles.

Tony The Rat

Results by Antonietta M. Gatti indicate:

a- in the presence of metallic nanoparticles (Cobalt), macrophages become unable to mount appropriate defence to bacterial challenge and danger exists of increased susceptibility to infections;

b- the in-vivo tests indicated that metallic nanoparticles (and not the bulk samples) induced rhabdomyosarcoma in rats in 6 months;

c- the clinical samples showed the constant presence of micro and nanoparticles in the tissues with variable chemistry, sometimes directly related to the working place exposure.

Source: Nanopathology : a new vision of the interaction environment-human life

By Antonietta M. Gatti

WHO Reduces Deaths 700% More Than Ireland

WHO Standard Reduces Deaths Seven Times
More Than Newest EU Standard

The Irish EPA approved the Dublin Bay Incinerator in November 2007 using the proposed EU standard for air pollution (25 µg/m3 for PM2.5).

Compared to the EU standard of 25 µg/m3

• the percentage reduction in deaths from PM2.5 pollution could grow by more than seven times if PM2.5 levels were reduced to 10 µg/m3 .

The World Health Organization standard is 10 µg/m3. In California, where hard cash decides, the standard is 12 µg/m3. Did the Toxic Chemicals EU Lobby in Brussels buy off your MEPs in Brussels to set the reckless EU standard?

Science Paper: http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/62/2/98

Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 in the air contribute to the premature death of 350,000 people across the European Union every year. [http://www.eubusiness.com/Environ/air-quality.01/]

Will you wheeze into an early grave?

EPA Scientists Fear for Careers

White House Policy Undermining EPA Scientists On Cancer Risks Of Chemicals, GAO Says

WASHINGTON, Apr. 28, 2008

(AP) The Bush administration is undermining the Environmental Protection Agency's ability to determine health dangers of toxic chemicals by letting nonscientists have a bigger, often secret, say, congressional investigators say in a report obtained by The Associated Press.

The administration's decision to give the Defense Department and other agencies an early role in the process adds to years of delay in acting on harmful chemicals and jeopardizes the program's credibility, the Government Accountability Office concluded.

At issue is the EPA's screening of chemicals used in everything from household products to rocket fuel to determine if they pose serious risk of cancer or other illnesses.

A new review process begun by the White House in 2004 is adding more speed bumps for EPA scientists, the GAO said in its report, which will be the subject of a Senate Environment Committee hearing Tuesday. A formal policy effectively doubling the number of steps was adopted two weeks ago.

Cancer risk assessments for nearly a dozen major chemicals are now years overdue, the GAO said, blaming the new multiagency reviews for some of the delay. The EPA, for example, had promised to prepare assessments on 10 major toxic chemicals for external peer review by the end of 2007, but only two reached that stage.

GAO investigators said extensive involvement by EPA managers, White House budget officials and other agencies has eroded the independence of EPA scientists charged with determining the health risks posed by chemicals.

The Pentagon, the Energy Department, NASA and other agencies _ all of which could be severely affected by EPA risk findings _ are being allowed to participate "at almost every step in the assessment process," said the GAO.

Those agencies, their private contractors and manufacturers of the chemicals face restrictions and major cleanup requirements, depending on the EPA's scientific determinations.

"By law the EPA must protect our families from dangerous chemicals," said Sen. Barbara Boxer, D-Calif., the Senate committee's chairman. "Instead, they're protecting the chemical companies."

The EPA's risk assessment process "never was perfect," Boxer said in an interview Monday. "But at least it put the scientists up front. Now the scientists are being shunted aside."

The GAO said many of the deliberations over risks posed by specific chemicals "occur in what amounts to a black box" of secrecy because the White House claims they are private executive branch deliberations.

Such secrecy "reduces the credibility of the ... assessments and hinders the EPA's ability to manage them," the GAO report said.

The White House said the GAO is wrong in suggesting that the EPA has lost control in assessing the health risks posed by toxic chemicals.

"Only EPA has the authority to finalize an EPA assessment," Kevin F. Neyland, deputy administrator of the White House budget office's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, wrote in response to the GAO. He called the interagency process "a dialogue that helps to ensure the quality" of the reviews.

One EPA scientist with extensive knowledge of the changes in the agency's risk assessment policies ridiculed the claim that the EPA still has the final say.

"Unless there is concurrence by other agencies, ... things don't go forward. It means we stop what we are doing," said the scientist, speaking on condition of anonymity because of fear of endangering his career.

"The (EPA) scientists feel as if they have lost complete control of the process, that it's been taken over by the White House and that they're calling the shots," the scientist said.

The GAO investigation focused on the EPA's computerized database, known as IRIS _ the Integrated Risk Information System. It contains data on the human health effects of exposure to some 540 toxic chemicals in the environment. New chemicals are being roposed constantly for inclusion under a complicated assessment process that can take five years or more.

After years of stops and starts, the GAO said, the EPA has yet to determine carcinogen risks for a number of major chemicals such as:

_Naphthalene, a chemical used in rocket fuel as well as in manufacturing commercial products such as mothballs, dyes and insecticides.

_Trichloroethylene, or TCE, a widely used industrial degreasing agent.

_Perchloroethylene, or "perc," a chemical used in dry cleaning, metal degreasing and making chemical products.

_Formaldehyde, a colorless, flammable gas used to making building materials.

Environmentalists say these chemicals have been widely found at military bases and Superfund sites and in soil, lakes, streams and groundwater.

The findings, after an 18-month investigation by the congressional watchdog agency, come at a time of growing criticism from members of Congress and health and environmental advocates over alleged political interference in the government's science activities.

Last week, a confidential survey by an advocacy group of EPA scientists showed more than half of the 1,600 respondents worried about political pressure in their work.

___

On the Net:

Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/

Footnote:
EU toxicology standards are driven by a chemicals industry lobby group disturbingly led by BASF (fka as IG Farben), according to Dutch source.

--------------------

Deaths Assessment for 26 European Cities -Dublin Bay Incinerator Particles

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2008

62:98-105; doi:10.1136/jech.2007.059857 Copyright © 2008 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

EVIDENCE-BASED PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND PRACTICE

Reducing ambient levels of fine particulates could substantially improve health:
a mortality impact assessment for 26 European cities.

http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/62/2/98

1 Ferran Ballester, 2, Sylvia Medina 3, Elena Boldo2, 4, Pat Goodman 5, Manfred Neuberger 6, Carmen Iñiguez1,2, Nino Künzli2, 7, on behalf of the Apheis network*

1. Valencian School of Health Studies (EVES), Valencia, Spain
2. CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
3. Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint Maurice, France
4. Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
5. Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
6. Medical University of Vienna, Austria
7. Centre of Research in Environmental Epidemiology CREAL and ICREA, Barcelona, Spain

Correspondence to: Ferran Ballester, Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut-EVES (Valencian School of Health Studies), c/Joan de Garay 21, 46017 Valencia, Spain; ballester_fer@gva.es

Recently new European policies on ambient air quality—namely, the adoption of new standards for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), have generated a broad debate about choosing the air quality standards that can best protect public health.

The Apheis network estimated the number of potential premature deaths from all causes that could be prevented by reducing PM2.5 annual levels to 25 µg/m3, 20 µg/m3, 15 µg/m3 and 10 µg/m3 in 26 European cities. The various PM2.5 concentrations were chosen as different reductions based on the limit values proposed by the new European Directive, the European Parliament, the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization, respectively. The Apheis network provided the health and exposure data used in this study. The concentration-response function (CRF) was derived from the paper by Pope et al (2002). If no direct PM2.5 measurements were available, then the PM10 measurements were converted to PM2.5 using a local or an assumed European conversion factor. We performed a sensitivity analysis using assumptions for two key factors—namely, CRF and the conversion factor for PM2.5. Specifically, using the "at least" approach, in the 26 Apheis cities with more than 40 million inhabitants [gives this conclusion]:

Reducing annual mean levels of PM2.5 to 15 µg/m3 could lead to a reduction in the total burden of mortality among people aged 30 years and over that would be

• four times greater than the reduction in mortality that could be achieved by reducing PM2.5 levels to 25 µg/m3 and
• two times greater than a reduction to 20 µg/m3.

The percentage reduction in mortality could grow by more than seven times if PM2.5 levels were reduced to 10 µg/m3 (3.0% vs 0.4%).

This study shows that more stringent standards need to be adopted in Europe to protect public health, as proposed by the scientific community and the World Health Organization.

[ Text slightly edited for clarity; original text is at URL].

Pollution Deaths: New Science - Dublin Bay Incinerator

Vol. 287 No. 9, March 6, 2002. Journal American Medical Association

Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution


Conclusion
Long-term exposure to combustion-related fine particulate air pollution is an important environmental risk factor for cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality.

Each 10-μg/m3 elevation in fine particulate air pollution was associated with approximately a 4%, 6%, and 8% increased risk of all-cause, cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer mortality, respectively.


Author Affiliations:

• Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah (Dr Pope);
• Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (Dr Burnett);
• University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario (Drs Burnett and Krewski);
• American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Ga (Drs Thun and Calle); and
• New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY (Drs Ito and Thurston).

------------------------------------

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Incineration Means 300 Deaths in Dublin?

Since 1999, the air across Holland has become cleaner - except in Amsterdam. The Amsterdam Council says it does not know why. It's pertinent to note that a modern Poolbeg-sized incinerator went into operation at Amsterdam-Westerpoort during the 1990s.

This large modern incinerator has not been ruled out as an explanation for the excess Amsterdam deaths.

Deaths in Amsterdam from air-pollution are thirty percent above the Dutch average. Based on the November 2006 article in the respected Het Parool national newspaper (see below), it appears 300 extra deaths occur in Amsterdam annually from the higher pollution. As Amsterdam's population is similar in size to Dublins it's valid to ask the responsible government department to determine whether the Poolbeg Incinerator will prematurely kill up to 300 people annually. The Environment Minister basically said he was not responsible for environmental matters. Whether his reply was accompanied by the use of two fingers, or just one, is unknown.

Can an Environment Minister not be responsible for managing the impact of environmental air pollution on people? How about even an honest effort to research the issue?

By rejecting the Dail Question from the Dublin TD in early 2007, Ireland's Environment Minister Dick Roach passively confirmed the Poolbeg Incinerator will prematurely kill up to 300 Dubliners annually.

------------------------------------

http://www.davdigital.com/weblog/?article=839

Amsterdammers sterven vroegtijdig door fijnstof

FREEK SCHRAVESANDE © Het Parool, 11-11-2006, 12:23 uur

AMSTERDAM - Tussen de negenhonderd en elfhonderd Amsterdammers per jaar sterven vroegtijdig door fijnstof, goeddeels veroorzaakt door luchtvervuiling door het verkeer. Tot die conclusie komt de Amsterdamse GGD na eigen onderzoek.

De lucht in Amsterdam is de afgelopen zeven jaar niet schoner geworden, blijkt uit recent onderzoek van de dienst, terwijl dat gemiddeld over heel Nederland wel het geval is.

De sterfte in Amsterdam door fijnstof is grofweg dertig procent hoger dan het landelijk gemiddelde. In Nederland sterven per jaar achttienduizend mensen aan die oorzaak, blijkt uit gegevens van het Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM). De slachtoffers – veelal mensen die al met ademhalingsproblemen kampten - sterven naar schatting enkele maanden tot tien jaar eerder dan wanneer zij geen fijnstof binnen zouden hebben gekregen. Deskundigen wijzen er wel op dat fijnstof in steden 'nu eenmaal' meer voorkomt dan elders.

De concentraties fijnstof en stikstofdioxide dalen volgens het luchtmeetnet van de GGD al sinds 1999 niet meer - ondanks de introductie van schonere auto's. ''We hebben hier nog geen duidelijke verklaring voor'', zegt Fred Woudenberg, onderzoeker luchtkwaliteit van de GGD. ''Op de snelwegen rond Amsterdam is wel sprake van een dalende trend, maar binnen de bebouwde kom blijven de concentraties nagenoeg gelijk''.

Een 'verrassende' uitkomst, vindt ook onderzoeker Ronald Albers van het RIVM, dat landelijk luchtmetingen verricht. ''Het verbaast mij, want je ziet in heel Nederland een dalende trend voor fijnstof in de lucht. Ook bij onze meetstations aan straten in de Rijnmond, Eindhoven en Utrecht nemen deze concentraties af. Dat geldt eigenlijk voor heel Europa''.

98% Chemicals Not Tested - Incinerator

Fine Particles & Heart Attacks - Incinerator

Incinerator Air Poisons: No safe Level for PMs

There is no safe threshold for particle air pollution.

Dioxins - Incinerator

America's EPA is famously 'pro-business'.
Even they state there is no safe level of dioxins.

Breast Cancer - Incinerator

TXI is a Texas Incinerator.

Combined pollutants are 1000 times more toxic.